Docker Compose 全栈编排实战：Vue + FastAPI + Nginx 一键起飞

1
services:
2
  # ---------- 数据库 ----------
3
  db:
4
    image: postgres:16-alpine
5
    restart: unless-stopped
6
    environment:
7
      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_NAME:-myapp}
8
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USER:-postgres}
9
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD:?数据库密码不能为空}
10
    volumes:
11
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
12
      - ./scripts/init-db.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql:ro
13
    healthcheck:
14
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U ${DB_USER:-postgres}"]
15
      interval: 5s
16
      timeout: 3s
17
      retries: 5
18
    networks:
19
      - backend-net
20

21
  # ---------- 后端 ----------
22
  backend:
23
    build:
24
      context: ./backend
25
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
26
    restart: unless-stopped
27
    environment:
28
      DATABASE_URL: postgresql+asyncpg://${DB_USER:-postgres}:${DB_PASSWORD}@db:5432/${DB_NAME:-myapp}
29
      SECRET_KEY: ${SECRET_KEY:?JWT密钥不能为空}
30
      CORS_ORIGINS: ${CORS_ORIGINS:-http://localhost}
31
    depends_on:
32
      db:
33
        condition: service_healthy   # 等数据库健康后再启动
34
    networks:
35
      - backend-net
36
      - frontend-net
37

38
  # ---------- 前端 ----------
39
  frontend:
40
    build:
41
      context: ./frontend
42
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
43
    restart: unless-stopped
44
    networks:
45
      - frontend-net
46

47
  # ---------- Nginx 反向代理 ----------
48
  nginx:
49
    image: nginx:alpine
50
    restart: unless-stopped
51
    ports:
52
      - "${APP_PORT:-80}:80"
53
    volumes:
54
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro
55
    depends_on:
56
      - frontend
57
      - backend
58
    networks:
59
      - frontend-net
60
      - backend-net
61

62
volumes:
63
  postgres_data:
64
    driver: local
65

66
networks:
67
  frontend-net:
68
    driver: bridge
69
  backend-net:
70
    driver: bridge

1
upstream frontend_server {
2
    server frontend:3000;
3
}
4

5
upstream backend_server {
6
    server backend:8000;
7
}
8

9
server {
10
    listen 80;
11
    server_name _;
12

13
    # 安全头
14
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
15
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
16
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
17
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
18

19
    # API 请求转发到后端
20
    location /api/ {
21
        proxy_pass http://backend_server;
22
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
23
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
24
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
25
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
26

27
        # WebSocket 支持
28
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
29
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
30
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
31
    }
32

33
    # 其他请求转发到前端
34
    location / {
35
        proxy_pass http://frontend_server;
36
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
37
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
38
    }
39

40
    # 健康检查端点
41
    location /health {
42
        access_log off;
43
        return 200 "OK";
44
    }
45
}

1
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, AsyncSession
2
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, DeclarativeBase
3
import os
4

5
DATABASE_URL = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL")
6

7
engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=False, pool_size=20, max_overflow=10)
8
async_session = sessionmaker(engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False)
9

10
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
11
    pass
12

13
async def get_db():
14
    async with async_session() as session:
15
        try:
16
            yield session
17
        finally:
18
            await session.close()

1
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
2
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
3
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
4
from sqlalchemy import text
5
import os
6

7
from app.database import get_db
8

9
app = FastAPI(title="FullStack App API", version="1.0.0")
10

11
# CORS 配置：从环境变量读取允许的源
12
origins = os.getenv("CORS_ORIGINS", "http://localhost").split(",")
13
app.add_middleware(
14
    CORSMiddleware,
15
    allow_origins=origins,
16
    allow_credentials=True,
17
    allow_methods=["*"],
18
    allow_headers=["*"],
19
)
20

21
@app.get("/api/health")
22
async def health_check(db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
23
    """健康检查：同时验证 API 和数据库连接"""
24
    try:
25
        await db.execute(text("SELECT 1"))
26
        return {"status": "healthy", "database": "connected"}
27
    except Exception as e:
28
        return {"status": "degraded", "database": str(e)}
29

30
@app.get("/api/info")
31
async def app_info():
32
    return {
33
        "app": "FullStack Demo",
34
        "version": "1.0.0",
35
        "environment": os.getenv("ENV", "development")
36
    }